Compositions chimiques et energetiques des boutargues du mulet Mugil cephalus et de la courbine Argyrosomus regius en Mauritanie

Abstract

The boutargue is consisted of salted and dried ovaries of the mullet (Mugil cephalus) and black umber (Argyrosomus regius) is an important resource for the region of Nouakchott and Mauritania. In order to determine the energetic value of the boutargue, we measured the proteins, the carbohydrates and the lipids contents, in addition to the analytical studies of the fatty acids. These experiments revealed that the boutargue contains very low carbohydrate levels: 3,29% for the mullet and 1,95% for the black umber. The protein and the lipid contents were 44,44% and 31,68% respectively for the mullet while, they were respectively 55,11% and 15,86% for the black umber. This study showed the good nutritional quality of boutargue. In fact, the boutargue of the mullet contains 493,82kcal/100g, where as that of the black umber contains 384,27kcal/100g. Each gram of boutargue of the mullet contains 28,1mg of fatty acids and while that of the black umber contain 19,7mg of fatty acids. The fatty acids found in the studied boutargues were subdivided in three groups: - Saturated fatty acids: 17,9% for the mullet and 1,8% for the black umber, - Unsaturated mono fatty acids: 39,4% for the mullet and 40,65% for the black umber, - Polyunsaturated fatty acids: 28,8% for the mullet and 35,89 % for the black umber, As compared to the black umber's boutargue, the mullet boutargue contains high lipid quantity. Where as, the quantity of protein in the black umber's boutargue was higher as compared to the mullet's boutargue. The energetic rate of the mullet boutargue is higher than that of the black umber. But the black umber boutargue contains more polyunsaturated and unsaturated mono fatty acids.